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一、考研小作文格式的得分逻辑：为何格式是 “基础分门槛”

考研英语小作文评分标准中，“格式规范” 占 2-3 分，若出现 “称呼错误”“落款颠倒”“缺少关键要素” 等问题，直接扣 1-2 分；严重格式错误可能导致总分减半。小作文常考题型集中于 “书信类” 与 “应用类”，格式差异主要体现在 “是否需标题”“称呼对象”“落款形式” 三方面，精准掌握模板可避免 90% 以上的格式失分。

二、10 类常考题型格式模板

1. 建议信

• 格式核心：无标题，书信格式

• 模板框架：

Dear + 对象，

I am writing to put forward some suggestions on [主题，如 “campus library service”].

First, it is advisable to [建议 1，如 “extend opening hours on weekends”]; Second, [建议 2，如 “increase the number of new books”].

Hope these suggestions will be helpful.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

2. 邀请信

• 格式核心：无标题，需明确 “时间 + 地点 + 事由”

• 模板框架：

Dear [对象，如 Colleagues/Friends]，

I am honored to invite you to [活动，如 “the academic conference on education”].

The event will be held at [地点，如 “the school hall”] on [时间，如 “Friday, Dec. 20th”]，and it will focus on [主题，如 “innovative teaching methods”].

Looking forward to your participation.

Yours faithfully, + Li Ming + 日期

3. 感谢信

• 格式核心：无标题，需点明 “感谢事由”

• 模板框架：

Dear [帮助者，如 Teacher Wang]，

I am writing to express my gratitude for [帮助内容，如 “your guidance on my thesis”].

Without your help, I would not have [成果，如 “completed the research on time”].

Again, thank you for your support.

Yours respectfully, + Li Ming + 日期

4. 道歉信

• 格式核心：无标题，需含 “道歉原因 + 弥补措施”

• 模板框架：

Dear [被道歉者，如 Mr. Smith]，

I am writing to apologize for [失误，如 “missing the meeting yesterday”].

The reason is that [原因，如 “I got stuck in traffic”]，and I will [弥补，如 “send you the meeting minutes this afternoon”].

Hope you can forgive me.

Yours sincerely, + Li Ming + 日期

5. 推荐信

• 格式核心：无标题，需介绍 “推荐对象 + 推荐理由”

• 模板框架：

Dear [接收方，如 Admission Officer]，

I am writing to recommend [对象，如 “Mr. Zhang”] for [目的，如 “the postgraduate program in your university”].

He is excellent in [能力 1，如 “academic performance”] and [能力 2，如 “teamwork”].

I believe he is a suitable candidate.

Yours truly, + Li Ming + 日期

6. 投诉信

• 格式核心：无标题，需明确 “投诉问题 + 诉求”

• 模板框架：

Dear [负责人，如 Customer Service Manager]，

I am writing to complain about [问题，如 “the defective laptop I bought last week”].

The problem is that [具体问题，如 “it shuts down automatically”]，and I hope you can [诉求，如 “replace it with a new one”].

Looking forward to your reply.

Yours faithfully, + Li Ming + 日期

7. 祝贺信

• 格式核心：无标题，需提及 “祝贺事件”

• 模板框架：

Dear [对象，如 Ms. Li]，

I am delighted to congratulate you on [事件，如 “winning the teaching award”].

Your hard work in [领域，如 “classroom teaching”] finally pays off.

Wish you more achievements in the future.

Yours sincerely, + Li Ming + 日期

8. 辞职信

• 格式核心：无标题，需含 “离职时间 + 感谢”

• 模板框架：

Dear [领导，如 Director Wang]，

I am writing to inform you of my decision to resign from [职位，如 “the position of assistant”].

My last working day will be [日期，如 “Nov. 30th”]，and I will finish the handover work on time.

Thank you for your guidance during my work.

Yours respectfully, + Li Ming + 日期

9. 通知

• 格式核心：需标题，无称呼，落款为 “单位 + 日期”

• 模板框架：

Notice

This notice is to inform all students of [事件，如 “the upcoming sports meeting”].

The meeting will be held on [时间] at [地点]，and those who want to participate should sign up at [地点] by [截止时间].

For more information, contact [联系人 / 方式].

Student Union

Oct. 15th, 2026

10. 倡议书

• 格式核心：需标题，称呼为 “全体对象”

• 模板框架：

Proposal on [主题，如 “Environmental Protection”]

Dear Fellow Students，

We are issuing this proposal to call on everyone to [行动，如 “protect the environment”].

Suggested actions include [行动 1，如 “sorting waste”] and [行动 2，如 “saving water”].

Let’s work together for a better world.

Environmental Club

Sept. 20th, 2026

三、格式避坑核心指南

1. 称呼标点错误：常见用 “：”，正确为 “，”；对象不明确时用 “Dear Sir or Madam”。

2. 落款顺序错误：书信类需 “署名在上，日期在下”；通知类需 “单位在上，日期在下”，不可颠倒。

1. 标题有无混淆：仅 “通知、倡议书、备忘录” 需标题，书信类均无标题，不可额外添加。

四、 格式提分的关键 ——“模板 + 真题适配”

小作文格式得分的核心是 “固定模板 + 场景匹配”，建议结合近 5 年真题，按 “题型→模板→填充内容” 的流程训练，每篇写完后对照模板核查 “称呼、落款、标题” 三要素，确保格式零错误，稳稳拿下 2-3 分基础分。